Oromia is bordered by the Somali Region to the east; the Amhara Region, the Afar Region and the Benishangul-Gumuz Region to the north; Dire Dawa to the northeast; the South Sudanese state of Upper Nile, Gambela Region, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region and Sidama Region to the west; the Eastern Province of Kenya to the south; as well as Addis Ababa as an enclave surrounded by Special Zone in its center and the Harari Region as an enclave surrounded by East Hararghe in its east.

All three projects area are located in the Oromia’s Region state of Ethiopia. The selected Kebele to include in the inception and pre-feasibility stage study are Jajo which is found in east Hararge Kumbi Woreda, Kare Tule which is found in east Bale Rayitu Woreda and Dibe Mole which also found in east Bale in Dawe kechen. All Woredas are bordered with Somali Regional State in the East, kumbi Woreda is bordered with Boke Woreda of West Hararge in West, Gola Oda in south & Lega Hidha of east Bale in south direction, Rayitu Woreda is located to the east of Ginnir Woreda, south of Sawena and North of Dawe Kachen. The third project area is Dawe kechen which is found to the east of Goro Woreda of Bale Zone and south of Rayitu.

The locations of the project areas are depicted in the following page. All

the projects are found in the Somali National Reginal State. Barey town is the capital administrative center of Barey Woreda and found in the Afdher Zone. It is about 850 km far from Jigjiga which is the capital city of the regional The Southern part of the woreda is bordered by the Federal State of Somalia.

Shinile town is located in Sitti Zone at a distance of 480 km from AA and 166 km from, Jigjiga.. It is among the woredas of Sitti zones and the capital cities of both zonal and woreda administrations. The town can also be accessible via asphalt roads of, 66 km and 7 km from Harar and Dire Dawa towns respectively. Adadile town is the capital administrative center of Adadile woreda, found in Shebelle Zonal Administration of the Regional State. It can be accessible from Jigjiga city in driving through 552 km long asphalt road to Gode town, then keep driving ahead of 18 km short gravel road up to the project town. Optionally, airplanes can be used up to Gode town

Most areas of the region are characterized by a scarcity of fresh water. The ground water resource is hardly found fresh because of a higher content of dissolved salts in most cases and metals in some cases. There are also few surface water distributions in the region and the scarce resources available cannot be even accessible to most of the urban and rural settlements due its farthest distant from them. Addible is the only closest town to the Shabelle river among others.